{"id":1157,"date":"2026-02-02T13:27:57","date_gmt":"2026-02-02T12:27:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vall-llosada.com\/animal-abuse-is-a-crime-what-the-law-says-and-why-protection-still-fails\/"},"modified":"2026-04-14T00:09:57","modified_gmt":"2026-04-13T22:09:57","slug":"animal-abuse-is-a-crime-what-the-law-says-and-why-protection-still-fails","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vall-llosada.com\/en\/animal-abuse-is-a-crime-what-the-law-says-and-why-protection-still-fails\/","title":{"rendered":"Animal Abuse is a Crime: What the Law Says and Why Protection Still Fails"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For years, animal abuse has been presented as a conflict of opinions, traditions, or personal sensitivities. However, this narrative is no longer sustainable. <strong>Animal abuse is not a debate: it is a crime<\/strong>. This is enshrined in current legislation and should be understood as such by both society and institutions.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The problem is not a lack of regulations, but the persistent gap between what the law states and what actually happens.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Animal Abuse in the Penal Code<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Spanish Penal Code has classified animal abuse as a crime for years, with several reforms that have expanded its scope. Currently, any conduct that causes death, serious injury, or unjustified suffering to a vertebrate animal is criminally punishable, especially when committed with cruelty, torture, or without necessity. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Penalties include:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Imprisonment<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fines<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Disqualification from owning animals or practicing professions related to them<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is important to emphasize that <strong>death is not required<\/strong> for a crime to exist. Provable, serious suffering is sufficient. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Animals as Sentient Beings: A Key Legal Change<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the most significant advances in recent years has been the reform of the Civil Code through <strong>Law 17\/2021<\/strong>, which recognizes animals as <strong>sentient beings<\/strong> and not merely as property.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This change, which had already been anticipated in Catalonia with the Catalan Civil Code, has clear legal implications: animals cease to be things and become subjects of special protection. This should translate into a stricter interpretation of the crime of abuse, but in practice, this is not always the case. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Animal Welfare Law: Limitations and Contradictions<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Law 7\/2023, on the protection of animal rights and welfare<\/strong>, was created with the aim of unifying criteria and strengthening protection. However, it presents serious contradictions that weaken its real impact. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most significant is the exclusion of <strong>hunting dogs<\/strong> from the general scope of protection, following an amendment agreed upon during parliamentary processing. This decision creates an unsustainable legal situation: an animal has more or fewer rights depending on its use by humans. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This exception is not only ethically unjustifiable but also hinders the criminal prosecution of abuse in these cases.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">When the Law Exists but is Not Applied<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the major problems regarding animal abuse is the <strong>low conviction rate<\/strong> in relation to the number of reported cases. Premature dismissals, lack of evidence due to investigative deficiencies, and a social perception that is still tolerant of certain behaviors explain this reality. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Without specific training for legal professionals, without adequate police resources, and without clear political will, the law remains devoid of content.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Role of Language and Social Perception<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Even today, there is a tendency to minimize animal abuse using expressions such as \u201cincident,\u201d \u201ctradition,\u201d or \u201cisolated case.\u201d This narrative contributes to the trivialization of violence. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Speaking of <strong>companion animals<\/strong>, <strong>community cats<\/strong>, and <strong>abuse as a crime<\/strong> is not a semantic issue: it is a tool for legal and social transformation.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ten Years Later: The Reality Remains Alarming<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Despite regulatory advances, the reality is harsh. Animal shelters are saturated, many exceeding 85% of their capacity. Abandonments continue, especially of so-called potentially dangerous dogs, and community cat colonies are growing without sufficient institutional support.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Without an <strong>effective moratorium on the breeding, purchase, and sale of animals<\/strong>, the system is doomed to repeat itself.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">To Be Clear: Tolerating Abuse is Allowing It<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Animal abuse is not a secondary or anecdotal problem. It is a clear indicator of a society&#8217;s level of legal and ethical maturity. Tolerating it, relativizing it, or looking the other way is to accept it as part of the system.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The law already states it clearly. Now it needs to be applied with the same forcefulness. <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Legislation and Regulations<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">State and European Regulations<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Spanish Penal Code \u2014 Animal Abuse<\/strong><br\/><a>https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-1995-25444#art_337<\/a><br\/><em>(Article 337 et seq.: crimes of animal abuse)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Law 17\/2021 \u2014 Civil Code Reform (sentient beings)<\/strong><br\/><a>https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-2021-17381<\/a><br\/><em>(Recognizing animals as sentient beings in civil law)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Law 7\/2023, on the protection of animal rights and welfare (Spain)<\/strong><br\/><a>https:\/\/www.boe.es\/eli\/es\/l\/2023\/04\/20\/7<\/a><br\/><em>(General regulation of animal welfare and state-level legislation)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Legislation in Catalonia<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Civil Code of Catalonia \u2014 animals and sentience<\/strong><br\/>(Consolidated text available on the DOGC \/ Generalitat website)<br\/><a href=\"https:\/\/dogc.gencat.cat\">https:\/\/dogc.gencat.cat<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Catalan Law 7\/2023 \u2014 management of feline colonies and community animals<\/strong><br\/><em>(Consult based on regulations published in the DOGC)<\/em><br\/><a href=\"https:\/\/dogc.gencat.cat\">https:\/\/dogc.gencat.cat<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For years, animal abuse has been presented as a conflict of opinions, traditions, or personal sensitivities. However, this narrative is no longer sustainable. Animal abuse is not a debate: it is a crime. This is enshrined in current legislation and should be understood as such by both society and institutions. The problem is not a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1158,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1157","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Animal Abuse: Criminal Offense and Legal Reality in Spain | Marina Vall-llosada<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Animal abuse is a codified crime. 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